Theme Of Symbolism In Dantes Inferno - 720 Words

When reading Dante’s ‘Inferno’, it becomes apparent that Alighieri used his writing as a means of cogitating on the events that happened in his life. In order to understand his references to early Rome, Florentine politics, and other characteristics of the poem, it is necessary for the reader to develop a foundational background of Alighieri himself. With this knowledge, one can begin to grasp the concepts of symbolism and idealism that are so prevalent within the text, experiencing the poem in a completely different way. Born to a wealthy Florentine family in 1265, Dante Alighieri led a typical Italian life, becoming betrothed to a girl named Gemma Donati, the daughter of a famous family, at the age of twelve. Even though Dante married†¦show more content†¦Since Dante was experiencing his exile at this time, one could assume that these circumstances coincide with his own, mirroring his own self doubt and fear of the future. He then encounters three beasts: the leopard, the lion, and the she-wolf. Each of these tremendous beasts represent a sin or sins that Dante fcears are holding him back from righteousness. Instead of conquering the beasts, Dante turns away, ignoring his sins. Just when Dante was about to lose all hope, his idol, Virgil, appeared before him. Dante most likely chose Virgil as his guide due to the fact that he had long revered him both as a poet and a man. Vigil, embodying the true Roman, was a symbol of wisdom and pride. Dante aspired to be like him, and lived out his fanta sy through his work. Alighieri also used his writing as a means to exact revenge on his enemies. In the fifth circle of hell, the circle of anger, he encounters a man by the name of Filippo Argenti. Argenti was a wealthy politician from Florence who not only kicked Dante from his home, but physically slapped him as well. Due to his heinous crimes, he was placed in the fifth circle, resigned to live out eternity being ripped to shreds by other unfortunate souls in the River Styx. Dante also makes many references to the current Pope, Pope Boniface VIII. Since he not only betrayed Alighieri’s political faction, the White Guelphs, but had him banished as well, he earned the fiery hatred that Dante so held for him, andShow MoreRelatedDantes Voyage Through Hell1490 Words   |  6 PagesThe Inferno was written by Dante Alighieri around 1314 and depicts the poet’s imaginary journey through Hell. Dante spent his life traveling from court to court both lecturing and writing dow n his experiences. His Divine Comedy – the three-part epic poem consisting of Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso (Hell, Purgatory and Heaven)– is generally regarded as one of the greatest poetic feats ever accomplished. All three parts are incredible literary feats with symbolism so complex and beautiful thatRead MoreLewis And The Silent Planet1326 Words   |  6 Pagesconnects the themes and symbolism from other aspects of traditional Christian literature both during and before he began writing. One of the most distinct examples of this occurring within Lewis’ works is the influence that Dante had on the concepts that he reflects on while conveying thoughts to his readers. This is specifically more notable a connection between Dante and Lewis when you examine the parallels that take place within Lewis’ Out of the Silent Planet and Dante’s Inferno. The literaryRead MoreThe Divine Perfection Of God s Justice Essay1857 Words   |  8 Pagesserves to illuminate one among Dante’s major themes: the perfection of God’s justice. The inscription over the gates of Hell in Canto III expressly states that God was affected to make Hell by Justice (III.7). Hell exists to penalize sin, and also the quality of Hell’s specific punishments testifies to the divine perfection that each one sin violates. This notion of the quality of God’s punishments figures considerably in Dante’s larger ethical messages and structures Dante’s Hell. To trendy readers,Read MoreHow Dante Achieves a Synthesis Between Narrative and Cultural Elements in His Writing1565 Words   |  6 Pagesliterature in general attempted to do this and Dante was no different with regard to this in his copying of Virgil and the Aeneid in their depictions of hell in pagan mythology. Analysis There are a host of specific examples from pagan mythology in the Inferno. For instance, in Canto 15, we see Dante leaving the wood of suicides. The people there do not have a chance to assume a new metamorphosis form due the heinousness of the crime of suicide (Aligheri and Lombardo 72). In Canto 14, we further see thatRead More journeyhod Journey into Hell in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness953 Words   |  4 Pagessociety, and more importantly the primary narrator, Marlow, who too, is a product of the dominant society. For the novels narrator, Marlow, the journey up the Congo River to the heart of darkness is reminiscent of Guidos journey into hell in Dantes Inferno, with these literary allusion always present, through forms of intense imagery. The landscape takes on a hellish nature and the wilderness is personified. Death is omnipresent and this is reflected in the death imagery used to describe the citiesRead MoreImpacts From Each Circle Of Hell940 Words   |  4 PagesImp acts from Each Circle of Hell Dante Alighieri’s The Inferno, translated by John Ciardi, is an epic poem based on Dante and Virgil’s journey through hell. Lucifer was an angel in heaven and God’s right hand man. He wanted to be equal to God and wanted to have as much power and all the respect that God had obtained from all of the other angels. After God found out about how he was trying to gain more power he sent him below the Earth’s surface. This is where hell resides. Dante was inspired toRead MoreDante Aligheris Divine Comedy963 Words   |  4 PagesIn the beginning of Dante’s Inferno, Dante engages the reader in a personal way by including them in his story. He allows the reader to relate and emphasizes that they will or most likely have gone through an experience of losing their path in life. Midway on our life’s journey, I found myself/ In dark woods, the right road lost (Dante, 1408). The Inferno is often described as the quintessence of the medieval worldview, a codification of the values of the high Middle Ages in art, science, theologyRead MoreVirgil Analysis of Dante Inferno Essay example2202 Words   |  9 Pagesand Purgatory.   Since the poet Virgil lived before Christianity, he dwells in Limbo (Ante-Inferno) with other righteous non-Christians.   As author, Dante chooses the character Virgil to act as his guide because he admired Virgils work above all other poets and because Virgil had written of a similar journey through the underworld.   Thus, Virgils character knows the way through Hell and can act as Dantes knowledgeable guide while he struggles alongside Dante when they enter Purgatory together forRead MoreAnalysis Of Dante s Inferno 2002 Words   |  9 Pages Dante’s Divine Comedy is a work that has lasted many generations, and has greatly contributed to even our own visualization of the afterlife. It is separated into three parts with the most striking section of the work being the Inferno. In Inferno, the cha racter Dante travels through hell, and identifies the sins and consequent punishment of those who are damned. However, Inferno is not a simple report of an event, but also includes several literary devices that convey grander and more significantRead MoreIntertextuality In The Waste Land And The Hollow Man1435 Words   |  6 PagesT.S. Eliot concerned himself with the direction the twentieth century was taking following the impact of cataclysmic events during his lifetime. In order to address what he felt was lacking in society, he wrote his poems to embody themes and concepts from other works molding together this patchwork of myths, legends, and literary references. He subjected a chaotic message onto the order and stability of known works and history to embody human behavior. â€Å"The Waste Land† and â€Å"The Hollow Men† displays

Animal Testing Should Not Be Banned - 1227 Words

Each year in the United States alone, an estimated number of seventy million animals are injured or killed in order for private institutes, household product companies, military training programs, medical research’s, cosmetic industries, educational institutes and governmental agencies to gain knowledge of their own products and narrow out the harmful substances for consumers, All of which has been done at an innocent animal’s expense. Even though these companies have alternative choices to test on rather than animals, they choose to run animal trials due to the lack of rules and regulations to follow when it comes to animal safety. In our society, people seem to find it acceptable to turn a blind eye to these tests, but if the same number†¦show more content†¦However, simply because great strides are being made in science does not mean that the ends justify the means. The number of successes are very low, possibly due to the fact that animal experiments are un reliable and can be dangerously misleading because the animal’s bodies are notably different from our own, and they don’t contract the same diseases and symptoms as we do. Animal experimentation is not required to advance medical science in modern society, as these experiments are too unreliable at best, and fatally dangerous at worst, there’s not much else we could possibly gain from these trials any more. Some of these companies even have alternative choices to test on rather than animals, but the law doesn’t require they be used no matter how valid they are. Laws also state that no experimental test is illegal in regards to performing the test on animals, meaning no matter how cruel or irrelevant to human health the lab test is, there’s nothing we can do to stop it as long as they say it’s for research purposes. The real sickening part, however, is that ninety five percent of animals used in experiments are excluded from the only federal law that we’ve set in order for any sort of protection for these animals. The Animal Welfare Act (AWA) requires the minimal standards and treatment be provided for certain animals bred for the use of commercial sale, in research, transported commercially, or exhibited publicly. Giving test animals

UK Soil Types And The Farming System Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

string(27) " dirt sums to prostration\." To understand how of import the dirt is in finding the agriculture system, this study is based in the county of Shropshire, United Kingdom and will place the chief dirt types and the agriculture system and how it plays an of import function in British agribusiness. It will besides place the patterns which contribute to being a sustainable system of production. The country ‘s sustainability will besides be reported and how it compares to the remainder of the UK. We will write a custom essay sample on UK Soil Types And The Farming System Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Soil types will besides be reviewed and the relationships between the dirt type and the agriculture patterns will be described. Agribusiness in Shropshire is an of import function as it is the prevailing usage of land in the chosen country. The study will oppugn why Shropshire plays an of import portion in agribusiness in the UK, how it does this, and whether its sustainability is efficient in comparing to other countries in the UK. 2 County of survey 2.1 location Shropshire is located in the West Midlands of England and boundary lines Wales to the West. The county of Shropshire is one of England ‘s most rural counties and has an estimated population of 291, 800 in 2009 and an country of 319,736 hectares. ( Shropshire Council, 2010 ) Shropshire Figure 1: Location of Shropshire ( Mole Be Gone, non dated ) 2.1 History of Shropshire ‘s Agribusiness Since the eighteenth century, Shropshire has chiefly been an agricultural county. The first pattern of agribusiness was in Neotholic times and of all time since, the population had been preponderantly rural. British agribusiness was promoted by consecutive authoritiess after the Second World War. After 1973, the United Kingdom became a member of the European Economic Community ( EEC ) , doing husbandmans supported and pushed to maximize their end products. Quotas were introduced by the EEC which set bounds on milk production in 1984, ensuing in 11 million liters less milk being sold in Shropshire in 1 twelvemonth. Winter Wheat became a dependable and profitable harvest de to the high outputs of the new strain of wheat. In 1988, the ‘Set-a-Side ‘ Scheme was introduces to cut down cultivable harvest excesss. This gave husbandmans a fee of up to ?200 per hectare if they took at least 20 % of their cultivable land into production. These fees were turn outing to be excessively low as husbandmans were non taking their land out of production. In the mid 80 ‘s, agricultural land value fell and husbandmans had increased force per unit area as environmental policies began such as harvest spraying holding tight ordinances as chemicals caused concern. At present times, agribusiness in Shropshire Idaho flourishing and come oning greatly. ( Cox et al, 1989 ) 2.1.1 Farming Facts-Agriculture in Shropshire â€Å" 2.2 % of work force is straight employed in agribusiness † Agribusiness supports 22.5 % of the county ‘s work force † â€Å" In 2001, there was 5,330 actively farmed agricultural retentions † â€Å" Average farm size in Shropshire is 54 hectares † â€Å" It utilises 82 per cent of the county ‘s land country † â€Å" The portion of little farms has increased while medium sized farms have decreased † Beginning: Shropshire Farming Study, ( 2002 ) Figure 2: The autumn in agricultural Employment. P.7 ( Shropshire Farming Study, 2002 ) Figure 2 shows that the figure of agricultural employment has fallen from 14,295 to 12,205 doing a lessening of 2090. This could be due to there being better farming engineering so less agricultural workers are needed. Figure 3: The Change in Farm size Structure. P.6 ( Shropshire Farming Study, 2002 ) Figure 3 shows that the figure of little farms from 1981 to 2001 has rose 20 % and the figure of medium sized farms has decreased by 17 % . Location Landscape, Geology and Landscape Shropshire ‘s geology is really diverse with big sums of lead, coal and Fe. Figure 4 shows the different types of stone around Shropshire. The North of Shropshire has a more level land which is really fertile. This portion of Shropshire is more mostly populated. The North ‘s agriculture is chiefly cultivable. The South of Shropshire is a more rural country with fewer colonies. Its landscape is full of hills, rivers and forests. Farming in this portion of Shropshire is chiefly pastoral. Shropshire ‘s clime is moderate and gets really cold in the hilly countries when in the winter season. ( Wikipedia, 2010 ) Figure 5 shows the clime norms. Figure 4: Shropshire Geology ( Wikipedia, 2000 ) Figure 5: Shawbury Climate Averages ( Met Office, 2007 ) 2.2 Soil Type ( Main ) In Shropshire, illustrations of all types of dirt can be found from sandy to loamy dirts. This is due to glaciation taking topographic point around the country. Shropshire ‘s prevailing dirt type is flaxen dirts such as the underlying ruddy sandstone stone which is found in North Shropshire. This is the most widely distributed dirt type and is chocolate-brown in coloring material and to red in dirt deepness. This type of dirt is formed from weather-beaten stones such as limestone, vitreous silica, granite, and shale. In Shropshire it is chiefly harsh sand. This can ensue in murphies holding a hapless skin coating impacting the agriculture system. It is besides prone to over-draining and summer desiccation, and in moisture weather it can hold jobs retaining wet and foods. ( EAIS, 2010 ) This dirt is of course acidic and needs regular liming. It is besides low in potassium hydroxide and Mg. ( Jefferson, 2010 ) Manganese lacks are incurring here. This can impact the agriculture system as it caused slow works growing so husbandmans will be less productive. Littorals are prone to weave eroding, H2O eroding and leaching. Its harvest suitableness is chiefly for barley, murphies and malting. Coarse sand has a atom size of 0.2-2mm and has a really farinaceous texture. It can be similar to builder ‘s sand. The single atoms can be seen easy. ( Jefferson, 2010b ) With flaxen dirts the malleability is low and is non cohesive doing low stableness. Due to seedbeds being loose, deep boring can happen doing unneeded works loss. Excessive cultivations under wet conditions can do dirt sums to prostration. You read "UK Soil Types And The Farming System Environmental Sciences Essay" in category "Essay examples" This consequences in a compacted bed when dried out doing harvest growing difficult. Due to there being quite a batch of infinite between atoms, the sandy dirts can be really free run outing intending it does non keep H2O and indispensable foods good. As the dirt moves down the H2O table easy it can make a high H2O tabular array doing a groundwater drainage job due to the dirt being permeable. The flaxen dirts dry out really easy so a batch of irrigation is needed. The alimentary position of sandy dirts is of course low particularly in potassium hydroxide. Due to the dirt being chiefly acidic it has a low PH. The organic affair of sand dirts is of course low besides of approximately 1-2 % . The organic affair is of import to keep as iy aid adhere dirt atoms together to keep foods. It besides helps dirt to keep wet, which can be a job for sandy dirts. The organic affair can assist supply birthrate to the dirt as a beginning of N assisting the agriculture system. Dirts with better organic affairs and alimentary positions will bring forth a better harvest. ( Jefferson, 2010c ) Farming Enterprises â€Å" Sustainable agribusiness can be defined as the production of alimentary and wholesome nutrient with well-being and wellness of future coevalss in head due respect to environmental impact preservation of agricultural resources † ( Jefferson, 2010 ) The current agricultural policy can specify sustainable agribusiness through its point of policy including: â€Å" Guaranting the go oning handiness to the consumer of equal supplies of, wholesome, varied and moderately priced nutrient, produced within conformity with by and large accepted environmental and societal criterions † â€Å" Keeping a flexible and competitory industry which contributes to an economically feasible rural society † â€Å" Ensuring effectual protection of the environment and prudent usage of natural resources † â€Å" Conserving and heightening the landscape, wildlife, cultural and archeological value of agricultural land † â€Å" Respecting a high degree of animate being public assistance † Beginning: ECIFM ( non dated ) A agriculture system is a system made up of inputs, procedures and end products. It is the different types of agriculture and methods used in agribusiness such as cultivable or grassland farming which can include dairy agriculture or the raising of farm animal. Due to the dirt type being sandy the harvests that are grown in the country are barley, murphies and malting. The 2001 nose count informations showed that 5 % of the national dairy herd are in Shropshire and that Shropshire grows 5 % of all murphies grown in England doing it a chief agriculture system for the country. ( Shropshire Farming Study. P5. 2002 ) Crop rotary motion is used to assist the sustainability of the agriculture. â€Å" A well-arranged rotary motion enables the work of the farm to be good distributed over the twelvemonth, and provides steady employment for a whole-time staff. † ( White, 1937 ) The advantages of harvest rotary motions: aˆ? Provides care of good dirt construction and organic affair aˆ? Crontrols certain dirt and straw residue borne plague and diseases aˆ? Ensures the agriculture pattern is sustainable aˆ? Gives the best profitable border Beginning: Jefferson ( 2010 ) Arable Winter wheat Shropshire grows root and combinational harvests with a high value giving. An illustration of this is Winter Wheat which is traditionally grown after a interruption harvest foremost. 2nd Winter Wheat is at hazard of trash borne dieseases. An illustration of a root disease found is Take-all. This is common in 2nd wheats as the fungus builds up in the roots and dirt. Compaction of harvests which can diminish the growing of root will increase wil increase the degrees of Take-All. This causes high hazard of output loss. ( Jefferson, 2010 ) â€Å" Take-all is arguably the most of import disease of wheat in the UK, partially because it is non easy controlled chemically or by varietal opposition and relies on rotational schemes for control. † ( Cereal Disease Encyclopaedia, non dated ) By obtaining a good harvest rotary motion the disease can normally be treated and prevented. Having 50 % of more land in cereals with a twelvemonth interruption on occasion can diminish the jobs and may handle it. ( Jefferson, 2010 ) Oil Seed Rape Oil Seed Rape is a valuable hard currency harvest and has helped to replace sugar Beta vulgaris in Shropshire which two old ages ago was dropped due to the mill shutting. Oil Seed Rape that has been grown intensively is under menace from club root. Club Root causes roots to swell and hence harvests will non turn successfully. To obtain sustainability Oil Seed Rape should non be grown more than on in four or five old ages. As the harvest has good competitory ability it therefore enables it ‘s agriculturists to utilize less weedkiller in the rotary motion. An illustration of harvest rotary motion for sustainable production is Winter Oil Seed Rape, Winter Wheat, Winter Oats, Winter Beans, Winter Wheat and Winter Barley. Potatos Potatos are valuable in Shropshire and are grown mostly. They are nevertheless at hazard of dirt borne plagues such as Potato Cyst Nematode. This is the most of import plague of murphies in the UK. This can do weak workss with dull looking leaf with inclination to wilt. It besides causes little cysts attached to roots. ( Potato Council, 2008 ) A good harvest rotary motion is used to supply a sustainable harvest. An illustration of good pattern that is used is Potatoes, Winter Wheat, Winter Barley, Sugar Beet, Spring Wheat and Winter Barley. Some husbandmans use the bare minimal good practicing which is 1 in 4. E.g. Sugar Beet, Winter Wheat, Potatoes and Winter Wheat. Grassland In Shropshire, there are big sum of dairy agriculture and is good known for its good beginning of milk production as they have a batch of pastoral agriculture. This is why there are many dairy mills located around Shropshire. ( Shropshire Farming Study. P5. 2002 ) Dairy farming relies on high quality grass or other eatages such as corn to guarantee of the best quality milk. An illustration of high quality grass is Perennial Rye Grass. This is the chief type of grass used. Farmer mix this with trefoil which fixes N significance they have to utilize less N in farming assisting the sustainability of the agriculture and assisting the environment. This is an illustration of renewing agriculture. Within corn there are beginnings of energy which is utilised by organic manure therefore doing the farm animal direction of import besides to assist obtain good grass quality. ( Jefferson, 2010 ) To assist maintain the grassland sustainable, when the grass has dried up some husbandmans grow other harvests such as adding a wheat to the land which can 4.0 Environmental Practices How to cite UK Soil Types And The Farming System Environmental Sciences Essay, Essay examples

Professional Resource Management Practices -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Questions: How Does The Role Of An HR Contributes To The Success Of Our Business? What Do You Consider As An Ideal Workplace? What Do You Think About Job Eliminations From The Point Of View Of An HR Manager? What Is Your Way Of Dealing With Unethical Situations? Can You Provide Any Example? If You Were The Interviewer, What Are The Questions You Would Have Asked Me? Answers: Introducation Justification- HR managers have many roles to play and are responsible for many duties. Few managers are specialists for having wide range of knowledge regarding many areas within the operations (Reiche, Mendenhall and Stahl 2016.). However, in small companies the HR managers should have a good understanding of all the features of HR. Therefore, as per the need of the company, the interviewer should discover whether the interviewee is suitable for all the features that the company is looking for. Here the disciplines of HR that needs consideration are regarding recruitment as well as staffing, training, development, performance evaluation, policies as well as procedures, compensations, rewards, workers and industrial relationships, organizational safety, payroll, HR administration and technology followed by legal compliance (Armstrong and Taylor 2014). Therefore, this question needs to be asked because HR managers have various types of experiences. At the time of interview if the can didate is not from the same industry then this question is helpful to determine what knowledge they hold regarding the issues as well as drives that can affect this industry where they want to enter. Justification- Every business needs to compile with the laws and regulations and for that every company needs to depend on their HR management to ensure that the laws and regulations are maintained (Bratton and Gold 2012). Therefore, while recruiting every organization should know that whether the candidate is knowledgeable enough or not regarding the various HR laws. However, that does not mean that organizations will need a lawyer with HR managers designation, the only criteria is that the candidate must have the knowledge regarding their stuffs. This question is asked to know that whether the candidate have the particular knowledge or interest regarding the laws and regulations that HR must administer for which the candidate must read magazines as well as reports along with they must be adequately qualified (Bryant and Allen 2013). They should have the HR newsletters subscription, websites and habits to listen to HR podcasts. Justification- This is an important question to ask the interviewee because it will allow the interviewer to know that what the candidate personally feel of the workplace environment to be so that he or she can deliver his or her job successfully (Woodrow and Guest 2014). Through this question, it will get clear that whether the interviewee is at the right place or not. The candidate will also get to know about the work environment of the organization, which will help him or her understand that it is the right fit for them or not. Moreover, this question can further help to take forward the interview by talking about how the interviewee can shape the workplace and organizational culture if they are selected for the job. HR management play an important role in managing the workers along with the workplace culture and surrounding. To deliver high performance work the HR managers must encourage and support for a healthy environment so that everyone can perform their best (Monks et al. 2 013). Justification- HR managers job is not at all easy. Therefore, there are times when they need to take tough calls like job eliminations, which can be through layoffs or firing. Layoffs and firing are difficult most tasks for any supervisor (Wilton 2016). Thus, this question will help to know that what the viewpoint of the interviewee regarding such situations. Layoffs and firing are never the first moves that an HR manager should take; rather he or she must have a performance improvement plan so that the underperforming employee can get a chance to perform well via the plan. However, even after the performance improvement plan if the employees are not showing any improvement then the HR has to take the decision to let go the employee for the betterment of the organization (Zhang et al. 2012). Therefore, this question will give a clear-cut idea about how the interviewee can handle situations like these. Justification- HR managers are always expected to speak for what is right and condemn the unethical acts. This question will help the interviewer to know that what the moral of the candidate is. Moreover, through this question it will be clear that whether he will be reasonable enough while handling the unethical acts (Jack, Greenwood and Schapper 2012). Ethics in the workplace is an important issue. The HR managers should have a strict control over the ethical practices. HR managers should behave like a role model for other employees to look up to him or her (Palanski, Avey and Jiraporn 2014). Therefore, this question will help to know that whether the candidate have any past experience regarding any actions that he or she might have taken to stop any unethical act in the workplace or what his or her plan is to tackle such situations peacefully. Justification- This question can come at the end of the interview. This question can be a good opportunity for the interviewee to come up with the ideas for the organization the candidate is giving the interview. He or she must ask questions, which can reveal the type of candidates this organization needs along with their present pain points. The interviewee must have that ability to ask such questions which the recruiters will not forget soon (Aswathappa 2013). However, along with presenting the questions they must also justify why they would have asked that question if they would have been the interviewer. Through this question, the interviewer would get to know that how eligible the candidate is because another major role of HR is recruiting employees for the company. Moreover, to perform that task appropriately they must have the clear conception that what they should ask in the interviews to get hold of the actual potentials of the interviewees (Society for Human Resource Manage ment Foundation 2016). Reference Armstrong, M. and Taylor, S., 2014.Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Aswathappa, K., 2013.Human resource management: Text and cases. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Bratton, J. and Gold, J., 2012.Human resource management: theory and practice. Palgrave Macmillan. Bryant, P.C. and Allen, D.G., 2013. Compensation, benefits and employee turnover: HR strategies for retaining top talent.Compensation Benefits Review,45(3), pp.171-175. Jack, G., Greenwood, M. and Schapper, J., 2012. Frontiers, intersections and engagements of ethics and HRM.Journal of business ethics,111(1), pp.1-12. Monks, K., Kelly, G., Conway, E., Flood, P., Truss, K. and Hannon, E., 2013. Understanding how HR systems work: the role of HR psychology and HR processes.Human resource management journal,23(4), pp.379-395. Palanski, M., Avey, J.B. and Jiraporn, N., 2014. The effects of ethical leadership and abusive supervision on job search behaviors in the turnover process.Journal of Business Ethics,121(1), pp.135-146. Reiche, B.S., Mendenhall, M.E. and Stahl, G.K. eds., 2016.Readings and cases in international human resource management. Taylor Francis. Society for Human Resource Management Foundation, (2016). [online] Available at: https://Society for Human Resource Management Foundation, 2016, [Accessed 25 Jan. 2018]. Wilton, N., 2016.An introduction to human resource management. Sage. Woodrow, C. and Guest, D.E., 2014. When good HR gets bad results: Exploring the challenge of HR implementation in the case of workplace bullying.Human Resource Management Journal,24(1), pp.38-56. Zhang, L., Wang, H., Cao, X., Wang, X. and Zhao, K., 2012. Knowledge management component in managing human resources for enterprises.Information Technology and Management,13(4), pp.341-349.

Country Analysis an Example of the Topic Government and Law Essays by

Country Analysis ECONOMIC & LEGAL CONDITIONS GERMANY The economy of Germany has finally seen an upturn after the stagnation of economy over 5 years, from 2000-2005. It is well known fact that before the union of East Germany and West Germany, East Germany was less developed economically, as compared to the West Germany. So, after the union, the efforts for integration and modernization of East Germany started. This was a costly practice, but the need of the time. Even today, around 80 billion USD are transferred from the West to East Germany. For past five years, there was a period of stagnation in the German economy. Its GDP growth rate was around 0.7% over past five years. Last year, it was 2.6% which was a healthy sign for their economy. The period of stagnation can be attributed to a number of reasons like non-flexible labor market structure, almost flat consumption levels in the domestic markets, falling investment levels in plants and equipments, higher cost of capital and near to monopoly situation in the service market. In orde r to boost up economy, a number of measures have been taken. These measures include, increasing female participation in labor market, corporate restructuring, increase in mandatory retirement age. The GDO of Germany is 2.81 Trillion USD, according to estimated of 2007. Its per capita income is 34,200 USD. Its inflation rate is 2.3%. Germany is technologically very advanced country, especially in terms of engineering. Its industry portfolio includes iron, steel, coal, cement, chemicals, machinery, vehicles, machine tools, electronics, food and beverages, shipbuilding, textiles. Need essay sample on "Country Analysis" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed The government of Germany is very stable so far. Despite the first left-right coalition in past 36 years, the government is going on well. Its civil society is quite developed. Moreover, under the umbrella of European Union, it has introduced a number of reforms to make itself capable of leveraging the benefits of EU membership. Thus, its laws and regulations are getting more liberal. CHINA Previously, the Chinese economy was a typical model of communism. It was the country which had no international trade at all. it was closed to the foreign investors. However, over the time the need to transform into market based economy was realized. The strategy was gradual. The steps taken were, discarding collectivist agricultural system, liberal trade policies, more independence to the state owned enterprises, making China attractive for foreign investors. China is the second largest growing economy of the world. As a result of restructuring there has been very significant improvement in the Chinese economy. According to estimates, its GDP has increased tenfold since then. The government of China is facing several economic challenges. Few of them are: Due to the layoffs in the state owned enterprises, there is a need to create opportunities for them. Reducing corruption Removing environmental damage, resulting from the transformation Besides, China is also one of the aging countries in the world. There is massive urbanization. The GDP of China is very significantly remarkable. It is 6.991 trillion $. Because of its huge population, its per capita income is not that very impressive. It is 5300 USD. Around 45% of its labor force is engaged with agriculture. Inflation rate is 4% and official unemployment rate is 4%. The real growth rate is 11.4% that is commendable. Its major industries are: mining and ore processing, iron, steel, aluminum, and other metals, coal; machine building; armaments; textiles and apparel; petroleum; cement; chemicals; fertilizers; consumer products, including footwear, toys, and electronics; food processing; transportation equipment, including automobiles, rail cars and locomotives, ships, and aircraft; telecommunications equipment, commercial space launch vehicles, satellites. Chinas major exports are plant and equipment, plastic, optical and medical surgical instruments, and iron and stee l. Exports totaled 974 Billion USD.In terms of government, China is stable. Its laws are now comparatively liberal and open to international market. However, those international firms need to adjust to its culture, which is significantly different from others. QATAR The economy of Qatar is purely based on Oil. According to the estimated, around 85% of its export earning, 70% of government revenues and 60% of GDP comes from the oil export. Due to recent boom in oil prices has affected the revenues of Qatar positively. The current economic policy of Qatar is that of expanding the production of natural resources. As a result, it is growing these days. Moreover, it is also focusing on the growth of non-energy sectors. The current GDP (2007) of Qatar is around 57.69 Billion USD. It has one of the highest per capita incomes in the world, which is 80,900 USD per year. Its real growth rate, which is 14.2 % is higher than the inflation rate of 13.8%. In the view of current economic conditions, such performance is not bad at all. The major industries in Qatar are the refinement and production of crude oil. Since natural gas is there in abundance, therefore, the ammonia and fertilizer industry is also one of the significant pies in the industrial pie chart of Qatar. Besides, petrochemical industry and cement industry are also one of the contributors of the GDP of Qatar. Qatars present prospering economic condition is due to the natural gas and petroleum reserves over here. Since these resources are in ample amount, therefore sustained economic growth of Qatar is expected in next few decades. This conclusion is based on the premises that its 15 billion barrels are expected to last over 20 years. Likewise, its 25 trillion cubic meters of natural gas reserves are also expected to sustain for very longer period of time. Thus, it can be asserted that Qatar economy has high prospects of being prosperous in coming years. In terms of the stability of Government, Qatar is a bit weak. This can be asserted due to past events of overthrowing the rulers. Over the time, its laws and regulations are getting more liberal and now its policy is oriented towards attracting foreign direct investment. GERMANY The economy of Germany has finally seen an upturn after the stagnation of economy over 5 years, from 2000-2005. It is well known fact that before the union of East Germany and West Germany, East Germany was less developed economically, as compared to the West Germany. So, after the union, the efforts for integration and modernization of East Germany started. This was a costly practice, but the need of the time. Even today, around 80 billion USD are transferred from the West to East Germany. For past five years, there was a period of stagnation in the German economy. Its GDP growth rate was around 0.7% over past five years. Last year, it was 2.6% which was a healthy sign for their economy. The period of stagnation can be attributed to a number of reasons like non-flexible labor market structure, almost flat consumption levels in the domestic markets, falling investment levels in plants and equipments, higher cost of capital and near to monopoly situation in the service market. In orde r to boost up economy, a number of measures have been taken. These measures include, increasing female participation in labor market, corporate restructuring, increase in mandatory retirement age. The GDO of Germany is 2.81 Trillion USD, according to estimated of 2007. Its per capita income is 34,200 USD. Its inflation rate is 2.3%. Germany is technologically very advanced country, especially in terms of engineering. Its industry portfolio includes iron, steel, coal, cement, chemicals, machinery, vehicles, machine tools, electronics, food and beverages, shipbuilding, textiles. The government of Germany is very stable so far. Despite the first left-right coalition in past 36 years, the government is going on well. Its civil society is quite developed. Moreover, under the umbrella of European Union, it has introduced a number of reforms to make itself capable of leveraging the benefits of EU membership. Thus, its laws and regulations are getting more liberal. SOCIAL CONDITIONS CHINA According to the estimates of 2006, the literacy rate in China is 90.9%. This is quite high literacy rate. Probably this high literacy rate is the reason for the technological advancements by China. 45% of Chinese population is engaged with agriculture, 24% with industry and rest with service sector. There is a very growing trend of Urbanization, as there are greater economic activities in coastal areas than do internal areas. The religions there are officially atheist; Daoist (Taoist), Buddhist, Christian 3%4%, Muslim 1%2% (2002 est.) China is a collectivist society. They are very much adhered to their culture and cultural values. GERMANY Germany is the country that is considered to be the heaven of engineering education. Its literacy rate is 99%. Its labor force is 43 Million. 33% are engaged with industry, 2% with agriculture and the rest with services. The economic level and social conditions in the West Germany are better than East Germany. Population over there is 82,369,548 (growth rate: 0.0%); birth rate: 8.1/1000; infant mortality rate: 4.0/1000; life expectancy: 79.1; density per sq mi: 235. Major religions are protestant 34%, Roman Catholic 34%, Islam 4%, Unaffiliated or other 28%. Germany is very much an individualistic society with little long term orientation. QATAR The literacy rate in Qatar is 89%. Its population is 907,229 (growth rate: 2.4%); birth rate: 15.6/1000; infant mortality rate: 17.5/1000; life expectancy: 74.1; density per sq mi: 214. Major religions in Qatar are Muslim 77.5%, Christian 8.5%, other 14% (2004 census). In terms of social values, Qatar is the collectivist society. Traditionally its culture reflects Islamic teachings. TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS CHINA In terms of technology too, China is far ahead of many of its neighbors, especially in terms of military technology. Most of the modern technologies are being adopted very rapidly there. Armed forces are not the only area Chinese are experts at. They are renowned for low cost development. Although low cost labor is main reason for the low cost development. However, modernization of processes has also led to this effect. In todays world, one of the most significant drivers of technological development is the use of internet. According to the estimates of 2007, there were around 232,780 internet hosts in China. Moreover, according to the estimates of 2006, there are around 123 million internet users in China. GERMANY In case of Germany, the technological advancements are quite obvious. Germany has been the centre of many engineering endeavors. It is significantly advanced country, in terms of technology. According to the estimates of 2007, there were around 16 million internet hosts in Germany. Moreover, according to the estimates of 2006, there are around 38 million internet users in Germany. QATAR Qatar is not very much developed in terms of technology. However, the government is making the efforts to ensure more development in technological areas. This is being done through building institutions for technical education, foreign educational affiliations and alliances. Moreover, according to the estimates of 2006, there are around 289,900 internet users in Germany. BIBLIOGRAPHY CIA - The World Fact Book - China. (n.d.). Retrieved Feb. 10, 2008, from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ch.html#Econ. CIA - The World Fact Book - Germany. (n.d.). Retrieved Feb. 10, 2008, from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gm.html#Econ. CIA - The World Fact Book - Qatar. (n.d.). Retrieved Feb. 10, 2008, from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/qa.html#Econ. China: History, Geography, Government, and Culture Infoplease.com. (n.d.). Germany: History, Geography, Government, and Culture Infoplease.com. (n.d.). Market Potential Index for Emerging Markets - 2008 | globalEDGE. (n.d.).

Tata Motors Hbr Case Profitability of the Nano Essay Example

Tata Motors Hbr Case Profitability of the Nano Essay Example Tata Motors Hbr Case Profitability of the Nano Essay Tata Motors Hbr Case Profitability of the Nano Essay Memorandum To Chairman, Tata Motors Ltd Issue Profitable Production of the Nano Issues A primary issue Tata must consider is the current and future profitability of the Nano. In order to determine if their strategy of entering the small car market is feasible, the influences on the industry must be evaluated. If evaluation of the industry indicates that future profitability is in question, the company must consider canceling the project, or focus on areas where Tata can influence the industry to improve the likelihood of profitability. Analysis Profitability/Feasibility One must consider the sensitivity to prices and the affordability of the car to the primary target market (India). Case Exhibit 3 estimates that 21% of households have income levels high enough to be considered part of the target market (ie: families that may own a motorcycle or small car), with almost all (98%) residing in the $4000-$10000 income bracket. Even at low gros margins, the Nano would be 22% of household income for those families that make $10000 annual income. Although 40 million households are estimated to be in the $4K $10K income bracket, it can be expected that a small number of these will be earning $10,000. Therefore, the target market can be considered greatly reduced, and their price sensitivities very high. However, as discussed, it can be assumed that these households already have a motorcycle, and approx 2 million could switch to a cheap car. In the analysis of Case Exhibit 6 there is no reference to Labour or SGA costs for the Nano. When these are estimated (general and admin costs assumed to be negligible due to Tata’s current operations of vehicle production), the cost of the Nano rises to a point where $2200 (USD) per unit price will not be profitable. If the 24% Post Manufacturing Tax remains (p. 18), a promotional budget is included (assumed to be 20% of per-unit sales up to first 250,000 units), and labour cost/unit is included (Appendix Exhibit 1), the sale price of the Nano must rise to approximately $2600USD (Appendix Exhibit 2). Also, current profitability is a poor indicator for future profitability. A rise in raw material price will mean a rise in price of supplies (eg: steel). The already near-zero profit margins will diminish without an increase in selling price. Industry/Strategy Tata is entering a new market, and a careful analysis of the competitive forces in India must be carried out (see Appendix Exhibit 3 – Porter’s Five Forces). Considering rivalry, Tata is the leader on price. This gives them a very important competitive advantage in a highly price-sensitive market. Although market share has large potential for increasing, the threat of new entrants increases the rivalry over the coming years. The advantage for Tata lies in sourcing low-cost inputs through a unique supply chain. The supply chain is supported by inputs from suppliers in close proximity to the Tata facility, and is characterized by a high number of suppliers competing with one another for the Tata business. There are many input substitutes available with a relatively low purchasing cost. This places Tata in a strong position over suppliers and allows them to manufacture cars at a low cost. The competitive force of the buyer can be considered low for the Indian market. Since the Nano will be the cheapest car available, it may be the only option for many car buyers and there will be few substitutes available until foreign competitors can establish a similar low-cost structure. The buyer gains leverage with very high price sensitivity, essentially in the form of affordability. The barriers to entry are in favour of Tata. They can realize economies of scale in terms of increasing their capacity for vehicle production, their efforts in promotion, labour and material inputs, and distribution facilities. These will be difficult barriers to overcome for new entrants, and high (or increasing) average costs may keep competitors from entering. The government taxation policy also serves as a barrier to profitability for manufacturers. A high threat of substitutes will be a competitive force against Tata, as consumers opt for the popular and cheaper options of motorcycles or public transit. In terms of car substitutes, however, Tata has the advantage of lowest cost. Ethical Considerations An ethical consideration is whether Tata’s values are in the right place and, if so, are they truthful? The Chairman proclaims the Nano is â€Å"the people’s car†. However, will an increase in cars really have a positive effect on the productivity and quality of life of the average Indian? Despite the Nano’s low emissions, pollution will increase with a dramatic increase in cars. Also, congestion will have a negative impact on urban centres, and the quality of the car is not suitable for rural roads. If the Chairman’s values really are with the interests of the people, the resources for the Nano could be redirected to efforts in improving infrastructure and mass transit systems. Recommendations Based on the assessment of current and future profitability, I am recommending Tata move forward with production, but maintain as narrow a margin as possible to establish early market penetration and brand equity. The goal of $2200USD selling price is unprofitable and unrealistic. Even at the selling prices described in Appendix Table 2, Tata will still be the leader in cost competitiveness. They should therefore implement a higher selling price. As was described in the competitive forces model, Tata must retain its â€Å"First Mover† position. To accomplish this, Tata needs to continue to keep their suppliers in a technology development and low-cost race, and ensure an increase in car manufacturers does not provide the suppliers with greater competitive force. Finally, international market share is a requirement, as the Indian market will quickly become diluted. Tata can distribute in their currently occupied markets of Southern and Eastern Europe, and can also use this opportunity to raise prices to increase margins to cover the narrow margins in India. Before Tata can establish itself in other developing countries, the profitability of the business model must first be proven in its home country. Word Count: 1012 Exhibit 1 |Labour Costs / Car | |Cars per year |250000 | |Number of Employees |2000 | |Employees as Percentage of Cars Produced |0. % | |Average Employee Salary | $5,500. 00 | |cars / employee / year |125 | |Labour Costs / Car | $44 | Exhibit 2 Nano Costs (adapted from Case Exhibit 6 Making the Nano)-in USD |24% Post Man Tax |16% Post Man Tax | |(INR:USD=45:1) | | | |Total Parts / Supplies | $1,477 | $1,477 | |Labour / Car |$44 |$44 | |Post Manufacturing Tax | $533 | $355 | |Sales Tax $89 | $89 | |Total Variable Cost per Unit | $2,144 | $1,965 | |SGA / Car (20% of Costs per Unit) | $429 | $429 | |Total Unit Cost | $2,572 | $2,394 | |Selling Price (Gros Margin Target 5. 5%) | $2,714 | $2,526 | |Selling Price (Gros Margin Target 2. 5%) | $2,637 | $2,454 | Exhibit 3 [pic]

Whole Food Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Whole Food Market - Essay Example Whole Food Market has developed an innovation strategy of its kind that would suit its organic business model. Firstly, they integrated the differentiation strategy whereby they provide their customers services they cannot find anywhere else so as to maintain a loyal customer basis. On the contrary, the supermarket was the first to dump use of plastic bags so as to conserve the environment. Furthermore, its social dimension towards its value proposal in engaging in wind energy practices; an environmental friendly approach is part of its innovation strategy. Moreover, in order to satisfy their organic goal, they have also expanded their business to developing their own line of sea food and an animal welfare system and more so boosting new and creative animal production practices. Therefore, putting these factors in mind, it is clear that the organization has justified its organic practices.The environment that Whole Food Market operates in is full of potential. The external threats ar e competition from fast food companies as well as other green companies. However, its differentiation strategy has worked out in terms of beating rival companies. On the other hand, the supermarket realizes the environmental challenges, hence its approach to renewable energy and elimination of plastic. Such corporate responsibilities have enhanced favor to the supermarket from its green customers. Another environemental principle is always being ahead producing high quality products as well as realizing and utilizing opportunities.